1. 在fMRI中所執行的navigation task分為active& control兩種condition,兩種輪流呈現。其中的control condition的畫面會定格在之前active condition的最後畫面,同時在畫面上下各出現一條white bar,在上bar上方會出現一個閃爍的綠色方塊,它會隨機出現在左、中或右邊的位置,受試者必須盡快依照它的出現位置按下正確的反應鍵。white bars的存在是否是為了讓受試者察覺到已經從active condition轉換到control condition?在Moffat et al.(2006)的研究中,control condition是讓受試者在和active condition相似的VE環境中跟隨著地上的指標移動,如此一來便能使受試者在兩種conditions下所接受的visual stimulation、optic flow、motion sensation相當。我認為這比本實驗好的地方在於這樣的設計有提供和active condition相似的optic flow。
2. 作者們把這裡看到的性別活化區域差異,與不同性別在偏好使用不同cue之間做連結(Sandstrom, N. J., Kaufman, J. & Huettel, S.A. Males and females use different distal cues in a virtual environment navigation task. Brain. Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 6, 351-360(1998).)女性偏好使用landmark cue,因此她們需要使用working memory來維持住這些landmark cue,所以導致prefrontal area activation較男性高;而男性同時使用landmark & geometric cues,所以必須倚靠left hippocampus來處理多樣的geometric cue,或者是男性比較需要使用episodic memory來執行navigation task。若男性同時使用landmark & geometric cues,那麼是不是也應該要與女性一樣有相似的working memory loading?geometric cue的處理為何主要是靠left hippocampus?且如果是因為episodic memory的關係使得hippocampus activation較高的話,女性在使用landmark cue的情況下不是也需要使用episodic memory?
1 comment:
1. This is a good point. Moffat et al. (2006) adopted a better control than the current study.
2. Well because the sex difference in this study was revealed by subtracting one sex from the other, the results only speak to "which sex has higher activation in an area". One cannot make the conclusion that a particular sex does not use an area at all. Thus, both sex might have used both prefrontal and left hippocaumpus regions, and the difference was due to the differential extent of reliance on these areas.
It is a valid question, however, whether explicitly asking each sex to adopt a certain strategy to a higher degree and see if prefrontal or hippocampal area respond accordingly.
Post a Comment